ENERGY AND MATTER IN FIVE DIMENSIONS
A Holistic
Theory of Science
by Walter Last
SUMMARY
A five-dimensional
vortex-field Theory of Everything is presented, which allows a logical interpretation
of a wide range of key aspects of particle physics and astrophysics derived
from a simple set of assumptions. This is demonstrated with a detailed
interpretation of sunspot activity.
Conclusions, which in
time may be tested to verify this model, include predictions about the
existence and nature of multiple magnetic fields on Jupiter and Saturn;
alternative explanations of magnetism, of the earth’s magnetic field and
of gravitation; an alternative or additional source of energy production within
stars, galactic centers and quasars based on matter-antimatter reactions, and
generally an equal amount of matter and antimatter in our galaxy and probably
within each star and solar system.
Mainstream physics
focuses on mathematical interpretations but does not provide an intelligible
unified theory of the nature of matter and energy. To remedy this, various
ether (or aether) and vortex theories have been
proposed from time to time. Expanding on these, the following 'Pulson Theory' will show that we can gain a full
understanding of the nature of energy and matter within the framework of a
five-dimensional space-time.
THE NATURE OF THE
QUANTUM FIELD
The most basic energy
phenomenon underlying matter is postulated to be a vortex. Accordingly, the
quantum field consists of vortices. The quantum field stores energy as vortex
energy. These vortices oscillate at very high frequencies between a centripetal
and a centrifugal form as illustrated in Fig. 1.
Because of their intrinsically pulsating nature we may call them 'pulsons'.
During its centripetal
manifestation phase a pulson condenses the field
consisting of even smaller pulsons or 'micro-pulsons’, and with this creates a 'high pressure
field` or short 'HP field` within the quantum field. Conversely, the
centrifugal vortex creates a 'low pressure or 'LP field’. However, Fig 1
is a two-dimensional abstraction of a multi-dimensional process. In 3-D we may see
an inflow at one end and an outflow at the other end of a pulson
vortex in the form of a tube.
Obvious examples of such
vortex flows can be seen in the high and low pressure areas of our atmosphere.
In an atmospheric high we see a spiral inflow of air at the top and an outflow
at the bottom, and vice versa with low-pressure areas. However, the causes of
these highs and lows are postulated to be not physical but rather
higher-dimensional vortices, and pressures are opposite at the
higher-dimensional level to those at the physical level. For instance the lower
the air pressure falls in an atmospheric low, most extreme in a tornado, the
stronger is the higher-dimensional energy compacted, and this leads to bizarre
phenomena inside tornadoes that cannot be understood with conventional
physics. .
Pulson vortices are funnel-shaped, similar to a tornado,
and compress the field more strongly at the small openings as compared to their
wide ends. An attraction exists between two unlike pulson
fields that is strongest at their small openings. This causes vortices to meet
and attach to each other in the form of an hourglass. In this position suitable
pulsons attract each other with their unlike or
oppositely charged fields, and repulse each other with their like or same-directional
spins.
Such 'twin-pulsons’ may rapidly form and disintegrate as the
virtual particles of the quantum field. The lifetime of a virtual particle
depends on the manifestation-demanifestation
frequency of its two pulsons. The frequencies of pulsons that meet by chance will not be identical, and in
the demanifested state that causes them to separate
and the virtual particle disappears.
However, under certain
conditions, such as those involving energy changes within an atom, matching
pairs of pulsons come into being, which then remain
together as photons. The electrical properties of photons are derived from
their oscillating HP and LP fields while magnetic properties are related to the
characteristics - spin and type - of their vortices. Therefore, in a wider
sense we may say the two parts of a photon are held together in a balance
between their electric attractions and their magnetic repulsions.
In a strongly polarized
field, both photon vortices may be separated and their fields stabilized in the
manifested condition as electron and positron. Conversely, when an electron and
a positron meet, their fields neutralize each other while their vortices
combine to form a twin-pulson or photon.
Magnetic Cables
In 3-D we mostly
encounter twin-pulsons as magnetic or electromagnetic
strings or cables. Because pulson vortices are
higher-dimensional phenomena, their real nature is usually hidden from our
view, and we become aware of them only through secondary effects, such as
electromagnetic phenomena. An example of this difficulty is that only in 2001
has the evidence been found that sunspots are driven by planet-sized vortices.
Space shuttle and
follow-up experiments to better understand the birth of the solar system
confirm this concept of tornado-like pulsons. It was
expected that dust clouds would aggregate into bigger and bigger balls
eventually to form planets. Instead they formed fluffy rotating tubes or
strings as would be expected of pulson vortices with
long, tube-like funnels. This perception is further enhanced by tubes only
reacting with each other end to end as pulsons would.
However, according to the Pulson Theory any such
aggregation would not lead to the formation of planets.
Recent simulations
at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics show dust grains
becoming negatively charged by absorbing electrons from plasma and then this
charged 'nucleus' attracts positive ions, which form a shell around it (compare
Fig. 5). In these cases the negatively charged dust particles are the
micro-pulsons that stabilize the pulsons and provide the visible shape for the
dust aggregations. Some experiments have also generated cables as spiral
structures and sometimes even formed double helixes which, like DNA, can store
information. It is also interesting that these experimental spiral cables have
two stable states, one with a large diameter and the other with a small one,
just like pulsons.
It is assumed that the basic vortex cables are
not visible at the physical level. But because they have a polarity charge,
they will attract oppositely charged micro-particles, say electrons attached to
dust particles, and that causes them to became visible. These charged particles
tend to become linked up in chains, and because of being inside a rotating
vortex funnel, they appear as a helix. Two funnels being attracted to each
other by opposite internal energy flows can wind around each other as a double helix.
Another recently
discovered example is the observation of tube-like interstellar clouds
surrounded by spiraling magnetic fields. Galaxies can commonly be seen to have
tube or cone-like matter or anti-matter projections coming out of their cores
perpendicular to their plane of rotation. Very spectacular is the recently
discovered “double helix” at the center of our galaxy - two intertwining tubes
wrapped around each other as in a DNA molecule, in all 80 light years in
length. Even our galactic center shows a tube,
described as a stellar bar, about 27,000 light years in length. When knowing
what to look for we can see vortices or pulsons and
polarity fields everywhere. We may assume that the ends of this bar will have
opposite polarities.
Other Pulson Phenomena
So far we have seen that
pulsons may become stabilized as twin-pulsons forming spiral cables with magnetic properties, and
these cables may combine to form a double helix. In addition it may also be
possible for two like pulsons to come together. In
this case they would be attracted by their unlike spins but repulsed by their
like field polarities. The combinations of unlike fields are more stable, and
are the basis of materializations, while like-field twin-pulsons
would be unstable and produce strong energetic effects.
Pulsons manifesting in our physical reality initially are
strongly polarized (‘uncompensated’) and tend to be associated with
strong electromagnetic effects. They may be formed by the sun, and impact our
ionosphere as ‘atmospheric holes’, or they may emerge from the
earth as ‘natural self-luminous formations’ (NSLFs)
or ‘radar angels’.
They may also cause
phenomena such as tornados, water spouts, dust devils, clear air turbulence,
geological vortices such as the Oregon Vortex, ‘ball lightning’,
and ‘sprites, elves and jets’ over thunderstorms. Other
descriptions for pulsons are ‘vacuum
domains’, ‘rotating tubes’ or ‘strings’, or
‘spherical torus of energy’.
Most of these pulson
phenomena are due to tornado-like centripetal vortices. The reason for this may
be that these have a much higher intensity and are therefore easier to spot
than lower-intensity centrifugal vortices. Even in our weather patterns it is
much easier to notice a cyclone or tornado than an atmospheric high pressure
area.
SPACE-DENSITY - THE
ADDITIONAL DIMENSION
In order to understand
the manifestation of matter with this model we need to introduce an additional
space dimension, which we may call 'space-density`. It is postulated that
space-density can vary to an unlimited degree, ranging from the micro-pulsons of the quantum field to galactic and super-galactic
pulsons.
Pulsons may be extended within the dimension of
space-density as each vortex varies in the field compression between top and
bottom; we may say it exists within a defined range of space-densities.
Fields that do not
overlap in space-density do not influence each other except if such fields have
uncompensated polarities. To illustrate this point, we may assume that a pulson is manifested as LP field. This creates a polarity effect
in adjacent levels of space-density. In the direction of higher space-density
it will attract and bind micro-pulsons that are
manifested as HP fields.
In the direction of
lower space-density the LP field will be attracted and bound by any 'super-HP field`
within the same four-dimensional space-time. This bond will be the stronger,
the closer together such unlike fields are in the dimension of space-density,
and also the more uncompensated polarity exists within each field.
Various other theories
and mathematical models assume a much larger number of additional dimensions.
However, it is suggested that these may not actually be additional dimensions,
but rather a hierarchy of levels within the dimension of space-density.
Recently David Thomson and Jim Bourassa of the Quantum AetherDynamics
Institute (QADI) released a 5-dimensional Aether
Physics Model, which has much in common with the 5-dimensional pulson theory presented here. While the QADI focuses mainly
on the mathematical presentation of their model, which includes a Unified Force
theory, the following discussion aims to provide an all-inclusive model of Everything that can be rationally understood without any
mathematics. The QADI theory ‘A New Foundation for Physics’ is
available at www.16pi2.com/files/NewFoundationPhysics.pdf.
Deformation
Within a polar
super-field a bound unlike field becomes deformed: it expands. However, any field
of like polarity will contract. The deformations of a twin-pulson
within a super-LP field are shown in Fig. 2.
Its HP field will expand while its LP field contracts. Their increased polarity
pulls them closer together, and their fields merge.
They neutralize each
other to the degree that they overlap with equal intensity. However, there will
be a surplus LP field at the center surrounded by a weaker but larger HP field
forming the shell. Both are separated by a middle-field of zero polarity. The
attraction between these separated fields is balanced by the deformation of
their fields caused by the super LP field.
Internally these fields
are stabilized by accumulating micro-fields of opposite or unlike polarity. Generally
speaking, a field is deformed within an uncompensated super-field and it
immediately stabilizes itself by binding unlike micro-fields, while
micro-fields of like polarity tend to be expelled, see Fig. 3. The action of forces within the same and
across adjacent space-densities is illustrated in Fig.
4.
MATERIALIZATION
The process of
materialization is designed to creatively harness the powerful forces within
polarized pulsons. The structure of a deformed twin-pulson, compensated internally by unlike micro-fields, is a
state of pre-materialization. This, for instance is the condition just before
the birth of a star. Stars cannot be born outside of a polarized super-field such
as that of a galaxy.
Generally, we may say
that in pre-materialization a twin-pulson is deformed
in such a way that it becomes manifested as a single field with a core of the
same polarity as its super-field and a shell of opposite polarity. Between core
and shell is a neutral zone, the middle-field.
Both polar fields become
stabilized by binding unlike micro-fields, starting at levels of adjacent
higher space-density, and proceeding to levels of increasingly higher
space-density until their polarities are more or less compensated. The combined
charges of the micro-fields in core and shell form opposite potentials at
different space-densities resembling charged electric capacitors.
For the micro-fields of
the highest space-density, those of atomic particles, the binding force of the
core or shell of a stellar body is least effective, and they will increasingly
cross the middle-field to become united with micro-fields of the opposite
polarity.
In addition new pulsons and micro-pulsons
continue to be created, and these will also be attracted by their opposites. If
two unlike pulson fields meet in the middle-field of
a stellar body, they become non-deformed twin-pulsons
or photons. In the case of stars and young planets this is suggested as an
additional or alternative method of energy production.
Returning
to the process of materialization: If a pulson-field
crosses the middle-field and moves into the super-field of like polarity, it
immediately unites with one of its oppositely charged counterpart to form a
twin-pulson. Because it is now exposed to the strong polarity of a young
super-field, it becomes deformed as shown in Fig.
2, pre-materializes and then materializes as in Fig.
5.
In this way
materialization starts at the level of highest space-density, in the case of
stellar bodies that is the level of subatomic particles. Gradually
materialization proceeds to levels of increasingly lower space-densities, such
as those of atomic fields and molecular fields of increasing complexity.
Therefore, materialization proceeds in the opposite direction to
pre-materialization.
From this basic pattern
we may deduce that stellar bodies start materializing on both sides adjacent to
the middle-field, and then proceeding further outwards and inwards. The speed
of materialization may rhythmically change with the major pulsations of the
stellar twin-vortices. Overall observations will show the stellar body growing
in size and becoming heavier. This mechanism provides an explanation for the
expanding Earth theory; it is also visibly supported by the appearance of the
Jupiter moon Ganymede.
These examples show the
main difference between this Pulson Theory and
conventional theories of evolution and cosmology. Conventional theories assume
that, reacting to fundamental laws and environmental factors, simple
ingredients combined by chance and possibly by contravening the second law of
thermodynamics, to form a highly complex universe. The Pulson
Theory assumes instead that pre-existing fields are guiding the evolution of
complex structures and, with this, counteract the second law of thermodynamics.
Birth of a Galaxy
This theory gives an
alternative explanation for the common spiral shape of galaxies. Both galactic
twin vortices spin their common field in the same direction. One vortex is
centripetal, the other centrifugal, and this creates field turbulence in the
form of spiral streamers. Photographs of young galaxies may show a distinct
separation between their upper and lower halves as each half is rotated by a
different vortex.
Furthermore, smaller and
denser vortices are spawned from this turbulence between the galactic twin pulsons, and these become the twin-pulsons
of stars. This may be seen as a general principle in that smaller and denser pulsons are created by a super-twin-pulson,
and these are then used to compensate its polarities and eventually materialize
its fields.
Therefore, this model
attributes the wheel-like rotation of galaxies to the spinning (etheric) fields
of galactic twin-vortices rather than to missing dark matter as current
theories suggest. Alternatively, we may say that dark matter is a galactic pulson field. This model also explains why galaxies,
stellar bodies and particles all have a spin (except for 'dead' stellar bodies
that no longer have a twin-pulson).
Another consequence of
this theory is the conclusion that galaxies, quasars and possibly other stellar
bodies consist of equal parts of matter and antimatter, each separated from the
other by an 'empty' or non-materialized middle-field.
One possible
five-dimensional interpretation of the birth of a galaxy may be described as
follows. Within a super-galactic high-pressure field a galactic twin-pulson will manifest with a high-pressure core and a
low-pressure shell. Materialization starts in such a way that matter particles
form in the galactic shell and anti-particles in the galactic core. With this,
the first signs of a manifesting galaxy would be a huge hydrogen cloud slowly
rotating within a magnetic field.
Eventually stellar pulsons are created within the turbulence of the galactic
twin-vortices. These move immediately into the galactic field of opposite
polarity. Within areas of higher polarity these remain initially unpaired,
while in the weaker polarity near the galactic middle-field stellar twin pulsons may form and start materializing.
Within stellar HP fields
of the galactic shell most hydrogen becomes ionized, and protons tend to be expelled
into the galactic shell. This then gives the appearance of electron clouds
embedded within vast hydrogen and proton clouds. The opposite processes take
place in the galactic core.
Stellar fields may cross
the galactic middle-field, and cause violent matter-antimatter reactions when
combining with their counterpart, either in the middle-field or in the opposite
galactic field. This may be a main energy source of quasars, and a cause of
unidentified gamma ray sources.
Furthermore, stellar
vortices are still being periodically created between the galactic
super-vortices. At some stage the polarities of the galactic super-fields will
have been compensated by stellar pulsons of opposite
polarity. Now new stellar pulsons will move into the
galactic field of like polarity to combine with a stellar pulson
of opposite polarity.
With this a stellar twin-pulson
forms, and the process of materialization can begin.
Stellar HP shells should continue to have a surplus of negative particles with
a surplus of positive charges in LP cores. In this more conventional model the
core as well as the shell of stars within the shell of our galaxy consists of
matter, while those in the galactic center consist of antimatter.
As an alternative
possibility of the birth of a galaxy, matter and antimatter particles may only
form within strongly polarized stellar fields and not already in the galactic
fields. In this case large clouds of hydrogen and anti-hydrogen would not
precede the formation of a galaxy but only the birth of stars, and the early
galactic development would be much less violent. However, in this case all
stars in the shell of our galaxy would have a matter shell and an antimatter
core. The opposite matter-antimatter distribution would exist within the core
of our galaxy.
This means that in this
case the internal energy production of all stars is mainly due to
matter-antimatter reactions within their middle-fields. Gamma radiation due to
matter-antimatter reactions near the middle-field of a star can be expected to
create cascades of less energetic particles and radiation while traveling
through its shell. With this, also highly energetic events at the surface of
our sun are likely to originate near its middle-field.
Furthermore, violent
events such as supernovae are then due to the matter shell of a dying star
falling into its antimatter core due to the premature departure of its twin-pulson.
Therefore,
galaxies may basically create the atoms out of which their stars are formed.
Stars materialize from the first level of galactic twin-pulsons.
According to the Pulson Theory, the universe consists
of equal amounts of matter and antimatter, and the more radical version allows
also stars and comets to have antimatter in their core.
In
the galactic center stars and matter are compacted due to the strong polarity
of the core of the galactic super-field. On an astronomical scale this is the
same type of force as the so-called strong force of atomic particles that holds
the nucleons tightly packed in the atomic nucleus, just on a much lower level
of space density. In the galactic center a relatively small area has been
spotted with a million stars tightly packed into it. Energetically this would
be the same structure as a nucleon (proton or neutron) within an atomic nucleus.
There are massive clouds of dense gas circling the center.
Anywhere else in the galaxy these would be forming stars but in the galactic
centre it is different. These clouds do not form stars until a certain
threshold is reached and then gigantic clusters of stars are formed all at
once.
My interpretation of this is that the matter in each cloud is compacted
by a super-pulson creating a super-field or
group-field. At a certain stage in the manifestation phase of the super-pulson the materialization process begins with the
simultaneous appearance of many stars. These galactic nucleons should continue
expanding for some time.
Galaxies also have the equivalent of electrons or planets. These are the
globular clusters, each containing from ten thousand to one million stars
within a relatively small space. Most globular clusters move around the
galactic center in highly excentric elliptical orbits
that take them far outside the Milky Way. Our galaxy has 180 to 200 globular
clusters; most other galaxies have globular clusters as well, some up to
several thousand. If we could make same-size models of atoms, solar systems and
galaxies they would all look alike.
The same principles that
apply to a galaxy also apply to the Universe as a whole. It starts with the
formation and ends with the dissolution of its primary twin-pulson.
It can be expected to move in an endless series of manifestation and demanifestation cycles. There may, of course, be an
infinite number of universes.
Comparing Pulson Theory and
Orthodox Theories
This model shows a main
difference between the Pulson Theory and orthodox
theories of evolution and cosmology. Expressed satirically orthodox cosmology
in essence states that in the beginning there was Nothing.
Then Nothing exploded in a Big Bang and that created
Everything.
The Pulson
Theory, on the other hand, assumes instead that our physical universe
precipitated from higher dimensional planes of existence. Its evolution is
being guided by pre-existing fields in a wide range of dimensional levels.
These higher-dimensional fields with lower space-density counteract the Second
Law of Thermodynamics and lead to increasingly complex structures. The Second
Law of Thermodynamics says in effect, that if a system undergoes spontaneous
change, it moves from order to disorder.
PHYSICAL PHENOMENA
Magnetism
Cosmic and stellar
magnetic fields are postulated to be due to the spin of vast vortices that bind
and circulate clouds of electrons. There are vast magnetic fields all over the
universe, and astrophysicists are at a loss for an explanation. According to
this theory it means that there are vast super-galactic pulsons
everywhere. Also the magnetic field of our planet should ultimately be due to
the two planetary vortices. Magnetic poles may be located at the densest parts
of these vortices.
This lets us understand
the shifts and reversals of our earth magnetic poles primarily as the
oscillations of pulson vortices, which may in a
secondary action cause shifts and reversals in the flow of magma, see also Fig. 6.
A confirmation of the
vortex nature of magnetism may be found in ‘Magnetism and its Effect on
the Living System’ by A. R. Davies & W. C. Rawls (Acres,
These cables correspond
to the tubes or elongated snouts of tornado-like pulson
vortices. The right-hand spin direction of cables emitted from the N-pole is
opposite to the left-hand spin of the S-pole cables.
The spin of our planet, as
of all stellar bodies and particles, is due to its twin-pulsons.
Because of its inertia, a planet can continue spinning for a while out of
alignment with the magnetic axis. The non-manifested part of a pulson with its characteristic pulsation frequency may be
behind the internal clock found in living organisms, the electromagnetic
oscillations of atoms or crystals, the energy pulsations of stellar bodies, the
oscillations of the periphery of our sun, sunspot cycles and magnetic pole
reversals, depending on the frequency and space-density of the phenomenon.
On a longer scale the
major manifestation-demanifestation cycle of a twin-pulson is also the life-death cycle of a body. The more
materialized and older a body becomes, the more does the polarity of its field
diminish, and the twin-vortices begin to lose control of the spin, which will
slow and eventually stop.
Without sufficient
polarity to keep attached to the body, the twin-vortices will separate and
leave behind a dead body. For a stellar body this does not only mean loss of
spin, but also of stellar magnetism, pulsations and internal energy production.
While all stellar bodies may have dematerialized, hollow or ‘soft’
spaces in their middle fields, these may be especially pronounced in dead
stellar bodies, such as our moon or Phobos.
Jupiter Moons
Atoms with several
electron shells may consist of several atomic fields of decreasing
space-density superimposed on each other. The same applies to large planets
with several distinct groups of moons. Jupiter, for instance, has 3 groups of
moons. From this we may deduce that in addition to the central planetary field,
there are 3 additional fields, and in all 8 magnetic poles. These poles should
be more or less perpendicular to the average inclination of each group. The
central magnetic field is denser and therefore much stronger than additional
fields, and will flip these over until its polarity is nearly compensated.
This means the poles of
the second field with the first group of moons will match the poles of the
first or central planetary field but with reversed polarity. The third field is
still partially attracted by the central field but is also repulsed by the
second field with like polarity. This causes it to become strongly inclined
with an average inclination of its moons of 28 degrees.
The second field
attracts and flips the fourth and outermost field over to approximately match
the opposite poles of the second field, although it has now the same polarity
as the central field. This arrangement causes the outermost moons to have
retrograde rotation. That this arrangement is no coincidence but follows
recognizable rules can be seen from Saturn, which shows the same structure with
its 3 groups of moons. Similar considerations apply to other genuine lunar
systems.
However, the older a
stellar body becomes, the more does its polarity decline, and the less will it
be influenced by either its own stellar vortices or by the polarity of the
planetary or lunar field. Therefore, older planets or moons may spin with large
deviations from their magnetic axis, and their orbits will be determined more
and more by gravitational rather than by polarity forces.
The reason why
astrophysics has so far overlooked the existence of polarity forces on a
stellar scale is its preoccupation with fully materialized bodies and low or
non-existent polarity. In order to study stellar polarities, efforts need to be
focused on bodies in the earliest stages of materialization.
Sunspots
The value of this theory
in explaining complicated processes may be demonstrated by interpreting sunspot
activity. Sunspots have a periodicity of about 11 years. They appear in groups
and drift with the general rotation of the photosphere. A group consists of one
or several leading and following spots.
The leading spots are
larger, and they live longer. The leading spot of a pair has the opposite
magnetic polarity as its following partner. In addition, the polarity
distribution is opposite in the northern solar hemisphere as compared to the
Southern Hemisphere. With each new 11-year period the spots change polarities
between both hemispheres.
The first spots of a new
period appear in higher latitudes between 30 and 35° north and south, while the
last spots appear at about 7°. The spin direction of sunspots can be determined
in the chromosphere. During successive periods
sunspots show no changes in their spin directions. Just as low pressure systems
on our planet, all sunspots spin against the clock in the Northern Hemisphere
and opposite in the Southern Hemisphere.
Conventional
astrophysics is unable to explain this sunspot behavior but it is
understandable as a direct consequence of this theory. The 11-year sunspot
cycle corresponds to the manifestation-demanifestation
pulsation of the solar vortices. The turbulence between the HP and the LP
vortex during the manifestation phase creates daughter vortices; their fields
then appear as sunspots.
The distance between
both solar vortices is greatest at the start, and smallest at the end of each
manifestation period. This accounts for the successively lower latitudes of
sunspot manifestation during each cycle. Each solar field binds sunspots of
opposite polarity and takes them along with its own rotation.
These are the larger and leading spots. These
established sunspots attract sunspots of opposite polarity. In a solar field
with like polarity, these additional sunspot vortices are compressed, and
therefore look smaller. However, they now spin in the same direction as leading
spots, and this keeps them apart.
When reaching the
equator at the end of their manifestation phase, the solar fields will very
rapidly demanifest, and the solar vortices
immediately begin manifesting with the opposite polarity. With this, also all
new sunspots change polarity. Because the solar vortices do not change their
spin directions, also sunspots remain with the same spin in each hemisphere
during subsequent cycles.
Other sunspot features
are extensive but irregular areas of increased luminosity surrounding the
darker sunspot groups. These Faculae appear hours before the first sunspots and
remain up to weeks afterwards. An alternative explanation for this effect may
be the expulsion of particles of like polarity from the field of a sunspot. HP
sunspots will bind electrons and expel protons, and vice versa for the LP
sunspot.
According to the law of
mass action this will lead to the increased disintegration of hydrogen atoms
into protons and electrons. The energy requirement for this split lowers the
temperature within the sunspot and causes its darker appearance. The increased
particle concentration surrounding sunspot groups leads to an acceleration of
hydrogen formation. This reaction releases energy, which causes the raised
temperature and increased luminosity of the Faculae.
Gravitation
Vortex energy is
postulated to be the main energy of the universe. In the space between existing
twin-vortices, daughter vortices of higher space-densities are generated. This
process takes place all the time at all levels, and creates a continual supply
of new pulsons of all sizes and space-densities
The turbulence between
two twin-vortices on which this process is based represents a continual energy
drain on a twin-pulson. It has to replenish its
energy by attracting micro-pulsons from the outside.
These will become neutralized by already bound unlike micro-pulsons,
and their combined energy can then be transferred to the energy pool of the
twin-pulson.
Applied to the force of
gravitation, this means that there is a continual inflow of pulsons
(tachyons) and micro-pulsons into matter. This
creates a lower pulson concentration between two
stellar objects, or between an object and the surface of the planet, allowing
the higher pulson pressure from the outside to push
the objects closer together or towards the surface of the planet.
This model allows the
prediction that an antigravity effect will result from either raising the pulson concentration between an object and the surface of
the planet, or by lowering the pulson concentration
above the object or both. This may be possible by creating a centrifugal vortex
in the ether field on top and/or a centripetal vortex underneath with the help
of suitably arranged electric charges or magnetic poles on rotating disks.
The Pulson
Theory sees the coming into existence of the material universe as a
condensation from an adjoining level of lesser space-density, possibly more
like the crystallization of an under-cooled liquid rather than an explosion. It
also allows for the continuing creation and dissolution of matter and galaxies.
Atoms and Particles
The polarity
distribution of a hydrogen atom and an anti-hydrogen atom are shown in Fig. 7. Larger atoms with several electron
shells have several atomic fields superimposed on each other, each additional
shell on the adjacent level of decreasing space-density. With each additional
field the core LP field becomes more compressed and, with this, more strongly
polarized.
This allows the core to
bind more protons, but it also increases the pressure on the core LP fields of
the bound neutrons. When the deformation of a neutron at the nuclear center
becomes too strong, part of its LP field is expelled as an electron. This
creates a surplus polarity in its HP shell and makes it a proton.
Because the electron has
the same polarity as the core of the atomic field, it is forcefully ejected as
beta radiation. At the atomic density level it balances its polarity by binding
and surrounding itself with an equivalent part of the atomic HP field.
Conversely, should a proton leave an atomic field, it remains surrounded with
part of the atomic LP core.
In this way proton and
electron can readily reunite to form a hydrogen atom. As electrons are
basically polarized etheric fields, they may be imaged as electron clouds. The
neutrino is assumed to be a small non-materialized twin-pulson
at the level of the atomic field as compared to a photon, which is at the
density level of atomic particles.
Theoretical physicists
have tried, so far unsuccessfully, to develop a 'Unified Field Theory' or
'Theory of Everything' that combines all four of the known physical forces. The
relationship between these forces can logically be understood with this Pulson Theory. The nuclear or strong force is mainly seen
as the result of the binding force of the LP core of an atomic field on the HP
shells of the nucleons.
The weak force, on the
other hand, which governs the leptons, derives from the HP shell of the atomic
field. The interrelationship of these forces with the electromagnetic force and
gravitation can be seen from the description of these forces earlier in this
theory.
It can be shown that the
pressure deformation within the shell of a primary body does not decline
uniformly towards the periphery, but instead forms concentric rings of higher
and lower polarity. The polarities of these rings decrease with increasing
distance from the center. Rings with increased polarity are the preferred
orbits of satellites or of debris. They also correspond to the varying quantum
states of electrons in the case of atoms.
The particle effect of a
photon is due to its electric fields during its manifestation phase, while the
wave effect stems from its oscillating vortices, which create wave-like
disturbances in the quantum field. Photons may move through space like a jet: sucking in micro-pulsons at the front opening of the leading vortex and
pushing them out at the back end of the following vortex. The higher the energy
of a photon the faster are the spins and oscillations of its vortices. The
sinus wave of propagation may be due to the spin reversal of the photon with
each oscillation.
This would correspond to
the idea of a pilot wave in the quantum theory of David Bohm.
In the two-slit interference experiment it is possible that not only the waves
created in the micro-pulson of the quantum field but
also each of the two pulsons of a photon goes through
a different slit.
The same principle
applies to atomic particles. In addition to a materialized body, these still
have pulsons with oscillating pole reversals which
create the wave effect. Much of the confusion in quantum theory may come from
looking either at the ship or at the waves that it has created but not at both
together.
Furthermore, the
'ghostly' instantaneous communication between two entangled photons observed in
quantum experiments would be due to polarity changes in the super-field in
which both photons are embedded. The super-field always aims to maintain an
overall balanced or neutral position. If one particle or photon changes a
quantum state, then it causes another one to acquire the opposite state.
RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS AND MYSTERIES
Here I like to comment
on a few recent developments and remaining mysteries.
The
cartwheel-like rotation of galaxies
is commonly assumed to be due to missing or dark matter. Only about 10% of the
required matter has yet been found. However, according to the Pulson Theory this rigid rotation is due to the rotation of
the galactic super-field initiated by the galactic twin-vortices.
”Dark matter” discovered due to lensing may be assumed to be etheric matter. Observations
show that orbiting satellites have been dragged along by the field of the
Earth. Conventionally this is seen as a confirmation of Relativity Theory but
according to the Pulson Theory it would be due to the
spinning etheric twin-vortices of the planet. Relativity Theory only is in
conflict with a rigid ether, not with a
“fluid” ether as proposed in this Pulson
Theory. Etheric fields can exist without the presence of embedded matter.
Black holes are believed to be due to
gravitational collapse of a large body. The observed reason for this belief is
the high speed with which matter and stars circle a black hole, and, of course,
that they emit no light. However, according to the Pulson
Theory black holes may be very strong centripetal etheric vortices. We may
imagine a gigantic cosmic cyclone at the center of out galaxy that drags all
matter along in an inward moving spiral. Smaller black holes are like cosmic
tornados.
According
to the Pulson Theory the universe and each galaxy
consists of equal amounts of matter and
antimatter. Stars and solar systems in the galactic shell may have
antimatter in their core. Matter-antimatter distribution is reversed in the
galactic core. A large antimatter cloud discovered near the galactic center is
in agreement with this prediction.
Such
clouds would be ejected from galactic super-vortices. Gamma rays resulting from mater-antimatter reactions have also been
detected from across the center of our galaxy. The numerous unidentified gamma
ray sources within our galaxy may indicate areas of matter-antimatter
interaction possibly due to earliest star formation.
According
to currently accepted theory all the energy in the sun is produced by nuclear
fusion. However, not enough neutrinos
can be detected to support this theory. This may indicate a different or
additional source of energy production in the sun based on matter-antimatter
reactions in the middle-field.
Recent
observations show that the expansion of
the universe is accelerating. Therefore most of the energy in the universe
is assumed to be dark energy with anti-gravity properties. This could be an
indication of an inflow of a higher-dimensional energy into the physical
universe that counteracts gravity.
However,
there is another possibility. Halton Arp and others have found high-redshift
quasars that are physically connected to low-redshift
galaxies. This contradicts the standard explanation for the cause of
astronomical redshift being always due to receding
stellar objects; also the quantized distribution of redshifts
confirms this.
An
alternative explanation is that redshift is a function of space-density and polarity. This
means atoms in an etheric field of high space-density and strong polarity show
a high redshift. Accordingly, the universe may not
expand at all but be composed of regions with different etheric space-density
and strong polarities. That there is something wrong with the standard model of
astrophysics is now obvious from the pictures of Hubble. No matter if objects
are close-by or billions of light-years away, they are always sharp as if there
was no interaction between distant light and matter.
Neutron
stars are assumed to be the remnants of supernova explosions, resulting
from a gravitational collapse. However, this theory has now been questioned
because neutron stars can only be detected in about 10% of supernovas.
According to the Pulson Theory a supernova results
from an internal matter-antimatter explosion when the core reacts with the
shell. This may happen when for some reason the super-field of the star departs
prematurely. Commonly, however, the super-field de-manifests very slowly during
the aging process of a stellar body. This leads to a controlled heat-producing
reaction between core and shell, so that in the end only a thin shell may
remain with a more or less hollow interior.
Geometric Astronomical
Patterns are
increasingly being discovered, such as a red
square in the Milky Way that has been described as an
hour-glass shaped cloud of gas and dust called a bipolar nebula, and the cross
shape in the image as two cone shapes placed tip to tip. This may be
interpreted as the outlines of a stellar twin-pulson.
A similar configuration can be seen in a red
rectangle nebula, and a hexagon appeared on Saturn’s north pole. Similar geometric shapes are being formed when rotating
fluids are being vibrated. This suggests that also geometric astronomical shapes
may be due to this effect as the field within astronomical vortices is being
rotated and vibrated.
Normally the twin-pulsons of our planet manifest and de-manifest by changing
polarities, and this leads to periodic reversals
of the magnetic poles while maintaining the same spin direction. However
both vortices may also completely de-manifest, and re-manifest with opposite
spin direction. This would lead within a very short period to a reversal of the
spin of the planet itself.
Recent findings show
enhanced extinction of existing species
and appearance of new species every 62 to 65 million years. The last time this
happened about 65 million years ago. The reason for this may be a major
pulsation cycle of our solar system every 62-65 million years The
de-manifestation phase would lead to the extinction of many species, and the
new manifestation phase would promote the appearance of new species.
In a recent surprise
discovery it was found that any chemicals
dissolved in water draw closer together and form clusters when the solution
is further diluted. The explanation is that water, as a polar medium, is able
to bind pulson fields of a lower space-density. In
pure water these fields form short-lived clusters or domains of water
molecules. In a concentrated solution the polarity forces of these fields are
fully compensated and, therefore, have little impact on the movement of
molecules or ions. However, in strongly diluted solutions these fields have
free polarities, which attract dissolved particles.
A similar mechanism is
also the basis for the 'memory of water'
as shown by Benveniste in 1988 (Nature). Benveniste found that a solution that once contained
antibodies or histamine still activated white blood cells. He claimed that this
was due to ghostly imprints in the water structure where the antibodies had
been. These imprints may be understood as pulson
fields of specific structure and space-density. More recently these experiments
have been confirmed by Madeleine Ennis (Inflammation Research, vol 53, p 181), who admits that she is unable to explain
the results.
The same principle is
the basis of homeopathy. Here the
less dense fields of natural substances are separated from their material
counterparts. The more diluted the solution becomes, the stronger are the
polarity forces in these liberated fields and the stronger is their potential
healing effect. It may be noted that such effects seem to exist only with natural
substances and not with synthesized analogs.
The subjective time of a body depends mainly on the oscillating
frequency of its twin-pulson, which in turn is
influenced by energy changes in the micro-pulsons
that form its body. Objective time is determined by the oscillation frequencies
of the super-pulsons of the system, and by the spins
of their manifested bodies, which for us are those of our galaxy, sun and
planet.
We may speculate that
during the phase of manifestation and pre-materialization time (or subjective
time) has the opposite direction than during materialization and
demanifestation.
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ENERGY AND MATTER
IN FIVE DIMENSIONS
ABSTRACT , GLOSSARY , DIAGRAMS