ENERGY AND MATTER IN FIVE DIMENSIONS
A Holistic Theory of Science
by Walter Last
SUMMARY
A five-dimensional vortex-field Theory of Everything is presented, which
allows a logical interpretation of a wide range of key aspects of particle
physics and astrophysics derived from a simple set of assumptions. This is
demonstrated with a detailed interpretation of sunspot activity.
Conclusions, which in time may be tested to verify this model, include
predictions about the existence and nature of multiple magnetic fields on
Jupiter and Saturn; alternative explanations of magnetism, of the earth’s
magnetic field and of gravitation; an alternative or additional source of
energy production within stars, galactic centers and quasars based on matter-antimatter
reactions, and generally an equal amount of matter and antimatter in our galaxy
and possibly within each star and solar system.
Mainstream physics focuses on mathematical interpretations rather than
logical understanding and does not provide an intelligible unified theory of
the nature of matter and energy. To remedy this, various ether (or aether) and vortex theories have been proposed from time to
time. Expanding on these, the following 'Pulson
Theory' will show that we can gain a full understanding of the nature of energy
and matter within the framework of a five-dimensional space-time.
THE NATURE OF THE QUANTUM FIELD
The most basic energy phenomenon underlying matter is postulated to be a
vortex. Accordingly, the quantum field consists of vortices. The quantum field
stores energy as vortex energy. These vortices oscillate at very high
frequencies between a centripetal and a centrifugal form as illustrated in Fig. 1. Because of their intrinsically pulsating
nature we may call them 'pulsons'.
During its centripetal manifestation phase a pulson
condenses the field consisting of even smaller pulsons
or 'micro-pulsons’, and with this creates a 'high
pressure field` or short 'HP field` within the quantum field. Conversely, the
centrifugal vortex creates a 'low pressure or 'LP field’. However, Fig 1 is a
two-dimensional abstraction of a multi-dimensional process. In 3-D we may see
an inflow at one end and an outflow at the other end of a pulson
vortex in the form of a tube.
Obvious examples of such vortex flows can be seen in the high and low
pressure areas of our atmosphere. In an atmospheric high we see a spiral inflow
of air at the top and an outflow at the bottom, and vice versa with
low-pressure areas. However, the causes of these highs and lows are postulated
to be not physical but rather higher-dimensional vortices, and pressures are
opposite at the higher-dimensional level to those at the physical level. For
instance the lower the air pressure falls in an atmospheric low, most extreme
in a tornado, the stronger is the higher-dimensional energy compacted, and this
leads to bizarre phenomena inside tornadoes that cannot be understood with
conventional physics. .
Pulson vortices are funnel-shaped,
similar to a tornado, and compress the field more strongly at the small openings
as compared to their wide ends. An attraction exists between two unlike pulson fields that is strongest at their small openings.
This causes vortices to meet and attach to each other in the form of an
hourglass. In this position suitable pulsons attract
each other with their unlike or oppositely charged fields, and repulse each
other with their like or same-directional spins.
Such 'twin-pulsons’ may rapidly form and
disintegrate as the virtual particles of the quantum field. The lifetime of a
virtual particle depends on the manifestation-demanifestation
frequency of its two pulsons. The frequencies of pulsons that meet by chance will not be identical, and in
the demanifested state that causes them to separate
and the virtual particle disappears.
However, under certain conditions, such as those involving energy
changes within an atom, matching pairs of pulsons
come into being, which then remain together as photons. The electrical
properties of photons are derived from their oscillating HP and LP fields while
magnetic properties, in a wider sense, are related to the characteristics -
spin and type - of their vortices. Therefore, in a wider sense we may say the
two parts of a photon are held together in a balance between their electric
attractions and their magnetic repulsions.
Basically a photon is a twin-pulson
manifesting as a string, tube or cable. It propagates through the quantum field
(or ether) by sucking in micro-pulsons at the front
of the tube and expelling them at the end. The observed frequency of a photon
is a function of its pulsation rate. In a strongly polarized field, both photon
vortices may be separated and their fields stabilized in the manifested
condition as electron and positron. Conversely, when an electron and a positron
meet, their fields neutralize each other while their vortices combine to form a
twin-pulson or photon.
Magnetic Cables
In 3-D we mostly encounter twin-pulsons as
magnetic or electromagnetic strings or cables. Because pulson
vortices are higher-dimensional phenomena, their real nature is usually hidden
from our view, and we become aware of them only through secondary effects, such
as electromagnetic phenomena. An example of this difficulty is that only in
2001 has the evidence been found that sunspots are driven by planet-sized
vortices.
Space shuttle and follow-up experiments to better understand the birth
of the solar system confirm this concept of tornado-like pulsons.
It was expected that dust clouds would aggregate into bigger and bigger balls
eventually to form planets. Instead they formed fluffy rotating tubes or
strings as would be expected of pulson vortices with
long, tube-like funnels. This perception is further enhanced by tubes only
reacting with each other end to end as pulsons would.
However, according to the Pulson Theory any such
aggregation would not lead to the formation of planets.
Recent simulations at the Max Planck Institute for
Extraterrestrial Physics show dust grains becoming negatively charged by
absorbing electrons from plasma and then this charged 'nucleus' attracts
positive ions, which form a shell around it (compare Fig. 5). In these cases the negatively charged dust particles
are the micro-pulsons that stabilize the pulsons and provide the visible shape
for the dust aggregations. Some experiments have also generated cables as
spiral structures and sometimes even formed double helixes which, like DNA, can
store information. It is also interesting that these experimental spiral cables
have two stable states, one with a large diameter and the other with a small
one, just like pulsons.
It is assumed that
the basic vortex cables are not visible at the physical level. But because they
have a polarity charge, they will attract oppositely charged micro-particles,
say electrons attached to dust particles, and that causes them to became
visible. These charged particles tend to become linked up in chains, and
because of being inside a rotating vortex funnel, they appear as a helix. Two
funnels being attracted to each other by opposite internal energy flows can
wind around each other as a double helix.
Another recently discovered example is the observation of tube-like
interstellar clouds surrounded by spiraling magnetic fields. Galaxies can
commonly be seen to have tube or cone-like matter or anti-matter projections
coming out of their cores perpendicular to their plane of rotation. Very
spectacular is the recently discovered “double helix” at the center of our galaxy
- two intertwining tubes wrapped around each other as in a
DNA molecule, in all 80 light years in length. Even our galactic center shows a tube, described as a stellar bar, about 27,000 light years in
length. When knowing what to look for we can see vortices or pulsons and polarity fields everywhere. We may assume that
the ends of this bar will have opposite polarities.
Other Pulson Phenomena
So far we have seen that pulsons may become
stabilized as twin-pulsons forming spiral cables with
magnetic properties, and these cables may combine to form a double helix. In
addition it may also be possible for two like pulsons
to come together. In this case they would be attracted by their unlike spins
but repulsed by their like field polarities. The combinations of unlike fields
are more stable, and are the basis of materializations, while like-field twin-pulsons would be unstable and produce strong energetic
effects.
Pulsons manifesting in our
physical reality initially are strongly polarized (‘uncompensated’) and tend to
be associated with strong electromagnetic effects. They may be formed by the
sun, and impact our ionosphere as ‘atmospheric holes’, or they may emerge from
the earth as ‘natural self-luminous formations’ (NSLFs) or ‘radar angels’.
They may also cause phenomena such as tornados, water spouts, dust
devils, clear air turbulence, geological vortices such as the Oregon Vortex,
‘ball lightning’, and ‘sprites, elves and jets’ over thunderstorms. Other
descriptions for pulsons are ‘vacuum domains’, ‘rotating
tubes’ or ‘strings’, or ‘spherical torus of energy’.
Most of these pulson phenomena are due to tornado-like centripetal
vortices. The reason for this may be that these have a much higher intensity
and are therefore easier to spot than lower-intensity centrifugal vortices.
Even in our weather patterns it is much easier to notice a cyclone or tornado
than an atmospheric high pressure area.
SPACE-DENSITY - THE ADDITIONAL DIMENSION
In order to understand the manifestation of matter with this model we
need to introduce an additional space dimension, which we may call
'space-density`. Space density is a function of the field compression within a
vortex. It is postulated that space-density can vary to an unlimited degree,
ranging from the micro-pulsons of the quantum field
to galactic and super-galactic pulsons.
Only pulsons with overlapping space-densities
within their fields can directly contact each other, such as sub-atomic
particles. However, all fields within the same four-dimensional space-time interpenetrate
each other.
Fields that do not overlap in space-density do not influence each other
except if such fields have uncompensated polarities. To illustrate this point,
we may assume that a pulson is manifested as LP
field. This creates a polarity effect in adjacent levels of space-density. In
the direction of higher space-density it will attract and bind micro-pulsons that are manifested as HP fields.
In the direction of lower space-density the LP field will be attracted
and bound by any 'super-HP field` within the same four-dimensional space-time.
This bond will be the stronger, the closer together such unlike fields are in
the dimension of space-density, and also the more uncompensated polarity exists
within each field.
Various other theories and mathematical models assume a much larger
number of additional dimensions. However, it is suggested that these may not
actually be additional dimensions, but rather a hierarchy of levels within the
dimension of space-density.
Recently David Thomson and Jim Bourassa of
the Quantum AetherDynamics Institute (QADI) released
a 5-dimensional Aether Physics Model, which has much
in common with the 5-dimensional pulson theory
presented here. While the QADI focuses mainly on the mathematical presentation
of their model, which includes a Unified Force theory, the following discussion
aims to provide an all-inclusive model of Everything that can be rationally
understood without any mathematics. The QADI theory ‘A New Foundation for
Physics’ is available at www.16pi2.com/files/NewFoundationPhysics.pdf.
Deformation
Within a polar super-field a bound unlike field becomes deformed: it
expands. However, any field of like polarity will contract. The deformations of
a twin-pulson within a super-LP field are shown in Fig. 2. Its HP field will expand while its LP
field contracts. Their increased polarity pulls them closer together, and their
fields merge.
They neutralize each other to the degree that they overlap with equal
intensity. However, there will be a surplus LP field at the center surrounded
by a weaker but larger HP field forming the shell. Both are separated by a
middle-field of zero polarity. The attraction between these separated fields is
balanced by the deformation of their fields caused by the super LP field.
Internally these fields are stabilized by accumulating micro-fields of
opposite or unlike polarity. Generally speaking, a field is deformed within an
uncompensated super-field and it immediately stabilizes itself by binding
unlike micro-fields, while micro-fields of like polarity tend to be expelled,
see Fig. 3. The action of forces within the
same and across adjacent space-densities is illustrated in Fig. 4.
MATERIALIZATION
The process of materialization is designed to creatively harness the
powerful forces within polarized pulsons. The
structure of a deformed twin-pulson, compensated
internally by unlike micro-fields, is a state of pre-materialization. This, for
instance is the condition just before the birth of a star. Stars cannot be born
outside of a polarized super-field such as that of a galaxy.
Generally, we may say that in pre-materialization a twin-pulson is deformed in such a way that it becomes manifested
as a single field with a core of the same polarity as its super-field and a
shell of opposite polarity. Between core and shell is a neutral zone, the middle-field.
Both polar fields become stabilized by binding unlike micro-fields,
starting at levels of adjacent higher space-density, and proceeding to levels
of increasingly higher space-density until their polarities are more or less
compensated. The combined charges of the micro-fields in core and shell form
opposite potentials at different space-densities resembling charged electric
capacitors.
For the micro-fields of the highest space-density, those of atomic
particles, the binding force of the core or shell of a stellar body is least
effective, and they will increasingly cross the middle-field to become united
with micro-fields of the opposite polarity.
In addition new pulsons and micro-pulsons continue to be created, and these will also be
attracted by their opposites. If two unlike pulson
fields meet in the middle-field of a stellar body, they become non-deformed
twin-pulsons or photons. In the case of stars and
young planets this is suggested as an additional or alternative method of
energy production.
Returning to the process of materialization: If a pulson-field
crosses the middle-field and moves into the super-field of like polarity, it
immediately unites with one of its oppositely charged counterpart to form a
twin-pulson. Because it is now exposed to the strong
polarity of a young super-field, it becomes deformed as shown in Fig. 2, pre-materializes and then materializes as
in Fig. 5.
In this way materialization starts at the level of highest
space-density, in the case of stellar bodies that is the level of subatomic
particles. Gradually materialization proceeds to levels of increasingly lower
space-densities, such as those of atomic fields and molecular fields of
increasing complexity. Therefore, materialization proceeds in the opposite
direction to pre-materialization.
From this basic pattern we may deduce that stellar bodies start
materializing on both sides adjacent to the middle-field, and then proceeding
further outwards and inwards. The speed of materialization may rhythmically
change with the major pulsations of the stellar twin-vortices. Overall
observations will show the stellar body growing in size and becoming heavier.
This mechanism provides an explanation for the expanding Earth theory; it is
also visibly supported by the appearance of the Jupiter moon Ganymede.
Birth of a Galaxy
This theory gives an alternative explanation for the common spiral shape
of galaxies. Both galactic twin vortices spin their common field in the same
direction. One vortex is centripetal, the other centrifugal, and this creates
field turbulence in the form of spiral streamers. Photographs of young galaxies
may show a distinct separation between their upper and lower halves as each
half is rotated by a different vortex.
Furthermore, smaller and denser vortices are spawned from this
turbulence between the galactic twin pulsons, and
these become the twin-pulsons of stars. This may be
seen as a general principle in that smaller and denser pulsons
are created by a super-twin-pulson, and these are
then used to compensate its polarities and eventually materialize its fields.
Therefore, this model attributes the wheel-like rotation of galaxies to
the spinning (etheric) fields of galactic twin-vortices rather than to missing
dark matter as current theories suggest. Alternatively, we may say that dark
matter is a galactic pulson field. This model also
explains why galaxies, stellar bodies and particles all have a spin (except for
'dead' stellar bodies that no longer have a twin-pulson).
Another consequence of this theory is the conclusion that galaxies,
quasars and possibly other stellar bodies consist of equal parts of matter and
antimatter, each separated from the other by an 'empty' or non-materialized
middle-field.
One possible five-dimensional interpretation of the birth of a galaxy
may be described as follows. Within a super-galactic high-pressure field a
galactic twin-pulson will manifest with a
high-pressure core and a low-pressure shell. Materialization starts in such a
way that matter particles form in the galactic shell and anti-particles in the
galactic core. With this, the first signs of a manifesting galaxy would be a
huge hydrogen cloud slowly rotating within a magnetic field.
Eventually stellar pulsons are created within
the turbulence of the galactic twin-vortices. These move immediately into the
galactic field of opposite polarity. Within areas of higher polarity these
remain initially unpaired, while in the weaker polarity near the galactic
middle-field stellar twin pulsons may form and start
materializing.
Within stellar HP fields of the galactic shell most hydrogen becomes
ionized, and protons tend to be expelled into the galactic shell. This then
gives the appearance of electron clouds embedded within vast hydrogen and
proton clouds. The opposite processes take place in the galactic core.
Stellar fields may cross the galactic middle-field, and cause violent
matter-antimatter reactions when combining with their counterpart, either in
the middle-field or in the opposite galactic field. This may be a main energy
source of quasars, and a cause of unidentified gamma ray sources.
Furthermore, stellar vortices are still being periodically created
between the galactic super-vortices. At some stage the polarities of the
galactic super-fields will have been compensated by stellar pulsons
of opposite polarity. Now new stellar pulsons will
move into the galactic field of like polarity to combine with a stellar pulson of opposite polarity.
With this a stellar twin-pulson forms, and the process of materialization can begin.
Stellar HP shells should continue to have a surplus of negative particles with
a surplus of positive charges in LP cores. In this more conventional model the
core as well as the shell of stars within the shell of our galaxy consists of
matter, while those in the galactic center consist of antimatter.
As an alternative possibility of the birth of a galaxy, matter and antimatter
particles may only form within strongly polarized stellar fields and not
already in the galactic fields. In this case large clouds of hydrogen and
anti-hydrogen would not precede the formation of a galaxy but only the birth of
stars, and the early galactic development would be much less violent. However,
in this case all stars in the shell of our galaxy would have a matter shell and
an antimatter core. The opposite matter-antimatter distribution would exist
within the core of our galaxy.
This means that in this case the internal energy production of all stars
is mainly due to matter-antimatter reactions within their middle-fields. Gamma
radiation due to matter-antimatter reactions near the middle-field of a star
can be expected to create cascades of less energetic particles and radiation
while traveling through its shell. With this, also highly energetic events at
the surface of our sun are likely to originate near its middle-field.
Furthermore, violent events such as supernovae are then due to the matter
shell of a dying star falling into its antimatter core due to the premature
departure of its twin-pulson.
Therefore, galaxies may basically create the atoms out of which their
stars are formed. Stars materialize from the first level of galactic twin-pulsons. According to the Pulson
Theory, the universe consists of equal amounts of matter and antimatter, and
the more radical version allows also stars and comets to have antimatter in
their core.
In the galactic center stars and matter are compacted due to the strong
polarity of the core of the galactic super-field. On an astronomical scale this
is the same type of force as the so-called strong force of atomic particles
that holds the nucleons tightly packed in the atomic nucleus, just on a much
lower level of space density. In the galactic center a relatively small area
has been spotted with a million stars tightly packed into it. Energetically
this would be the same structure as a nucleon (proton or neutron) within an
atomic nucleus.
There are massive clouds of dense gas
circling the center. Anywhere else in the galaxy
these would be forming stars but in the galactic centre it is different. These
clouds do not form stars until a certain threshold is reached and then gigantic
clusters of stars are formed all at once.
My interpretation of this is that the matter
in each cloud is compacted by a super-pulson creating
a super-field or group-field. At a certain stage in the manifestation phase of
the super-pulson the materialization process begins
with the simultaneous appearance of many stars. These galactic nucleons should
continue expanding for some time.
Galaxies also have the equivalent of
electrons or planets. These are the globular clusters, each containing from ten
thousand to one million stars within a relatively small space. Most globular
clusters move around the galactic center in highly excentric elliptical orbits that take them far outside the
Milky Way. Our galaxy has 180 to 200 globular clusters; most other galaxies
have globular clusters as well, some up to several thousand. If we could make
same-size models of atoms, solar systems and galaxies they would all look
alike.
The same principles that apply to a galaxy also apply to the Universe as
a whole. It starts with the formation and ends with the dissolution of its
primary twin-pulson. It can be expected to move in an
endless series of manifestation and demanifestation
cycles. There may, of course, be an infinite number of universes.
Comparing Pulson Theory and
Orthodox Theories
This model shows a main difference between the Pulson
Theory and orthodox theories of evolution and cosmology. Expressed satirically
orthodox cosmology in essence states that in the beginning there was Nothing.
Then Nothing exploded in a Big Bang and that created Everything.
The Pulson Theory, on the other hand, assumes
instead that our physical universe precipitated from higher dimensional planes
of existence. Its evolution is being guided by pre-existing fields in a wide
range of dimensional levels. These higher-dimensional fields with lower
space-density counteract the Second Law of Thermodynamics and lead to
increasingly complex structures. The Second Law of Thermodynamics says in
effect, that if a system undergoes spontaneous change, it moves from order to
disorder.
PHYSICAL PHENOMENA
Magnetism
Cosmic and stellar magnetic fields are postulated to be due to the spin
of vast vortices that bind and circulate clouds of electrons. There are vast
magnetic fields all over the universe, and astrophysicists are at a loss for an
explanation. According to this theory it means that there are vast
super-galactic pulsons everywhere. Also the magnetic
field of our planet should ultimately be due to the two planetary vortices.
Magnetic poles may be located at the densest parts of these vortices.
This lets us understand the shifts and reversals of our earth magnetic
poles primarily as the oscillations of pulson
vortices, which may in a secondary action cause shifts and reversals in the
flow of magma, see also Fig. 6.
A confirmation of the vortex nature of magnetism may be found in
‘Magnetism and its Effect on the Living System’ by A. R. Davies & W. C.
Rawls (Acres, Kansas City). They claim that with the help of a cathode ray
oscilloscope the energy emitted from the pole of a magnet can be photographed
to show rotating small cables rather than lines of force as generally assumed.
These cables correspond to the tubes or elongated snouts of tornado-like
pulson vortices. The right-hand spin direction of
cables emitted from the N-pole is opposite to the left-hand spin of the S-pole
cables.
The spin of our planet, as of all stellar bodies and particles, is due
to its twin-pulsons. Because of its inertia, a planet
can continue spinning for a while out of alignment with the magnetic axis. The
non-manifested part of a pulson with its
characteristic pulsation frequency may be behind the internal clock found in
living organisms, the electromagnetic oscillations of atoms or crystals, the
energy pulsations of stellar bodies, the oscillations of the periphery of our
sun, sunspot cycles and magnetic pole reversals, depending on the frequency and
space-density of the phenomenon.
On a longer scale the major manifestation-demanifestation
cycle of a twin-pulson is also the life-death cycle
of a body. The more materialized and older a body becomes, the more does the
polarity of its field diminish, and the twin-vortices begin to lose control of
the spin, which will slow and eventually stop.
Without sufficient polarity to keep attached to the body, the
twin-vortices will separate and leave behind a dead body. For a stellar body
this does not only mean loss of spin, but also of stellar magnetism, pulsations
and internal energy production. While all stellar bodies may have
dematerialized, hollow or ‘soft’ spaces in their middle fields, these may be
especially pronounced in dead stellar bodies, such as our moon or Phobos.
Jupiter Moons
Atoms with several electron shells may consist of several atomic fields
of decreasing space-density superimposed on each other. The same applies to
large planets with several distinct groups of moons. Jupiter, for instance, has
3 groups of moons. From this we may deduce that in addition to the central
planetary field, there are 3 additional fields, and in all 8 magnetic poles.
These poles should be more or less perpendicular to the average inclination of
each group. The central magnetic field is denser and therefore much stronger
than additional fields, and will flip these over until its polarity is nearly
compensated.
This means the poles of the second field with the first group of moons
will match the poles of the first or central planetary field but with reversed
polarity. The third field is still partially attracted by the central field but
is also repulsed by the second field with like polarity. This causes it to
become strongly inclined with an average inclination of its moons of 28 degrees.
The second field attracts and flips the fourth and outermost field over
to approximately match the opposite poles of the second field, although it has
now the same polarity as the central field. This arrangement causes the outermost
moons to have retrograde rotation. That this arrangement is no coincidence but
follows recognizable rules can be seen from Saturn, which shows the same
structure with its 3 groups of moons. Similar considerations apply to other
genuine lunar systems.
However, the older a stellar body becomes, the more does its polarity
decline, and the less will it be influenced by either its own stellar vortices
or by the polarity of the planetary or lunar field. Therefore, older planets or
moons may spin with large deviations from their magnetic axis, and their orbits
will be determined more and more by gravitational rather than by polarity
forces.
The reason why astrophysics has so far overlooked the existence of
polarity forces on a stellar scale is its preoccupation with fully materialized
bodies and low or non-existent polarity. In order to study stellar polarities,
efforts need to be focused on bodies in the earliest stages of materialization.
Sunspots
The value of this theory in explaining complicated processes may be
demonstrated by interpreting sunspot activity. Sunspots have a periodicity of
about 11 years. They appear in groups and drift with the general rotation of
the photosphere. A group consists of one or several leading and following
spots.
The leading spots are larger, and they live longer. The leading spot of
a pair has the opposite magnetic polarity as its following partner. In
addition, the polarity distribution is opposite in the northern solar
hemisphere as compared to the Southern Hemisphere. With each new 11-year period
the spots change polarities between both hemispheres.
The first spots of a new period appear in higher latitudes between 30
and 35° north and south, while the last spots appear at about 7°. The spin
direction of sunspots can be determined in the chromosphere.
During successive periods sunspots show no changes in their spin directions.
Just as low pressure systems on our planet, all sunspots spin against the clock
in the Northern Hemisphere and opposite in the Southern Hemisphere.
Conventional astrophysics is unable to explain this sunspot behavior but
it is understandable as a direct consequence of this theory. The 11-year
sunspot cycle corresponds to the manifestation-demanifestation
pulsation of the solar vortices. The turbulence between the HP and the LP
vortex during the manifestation phase creates daughter vortices; their fields
then appear as sunspots.
The distance between both solar vortices is greatest at the start, and
smallest at the end of each manifestation period. This accounts for the
successively lower latitudes of sunspot manifestation during each cycle. Each
solar field binds sunspots of opposite polarity and takes them along with its
own rotation.
These are the larger and leading
spots. These established sunspots attract sunspots of opposite polarity. In a
solar field with like polarity, these additional sunspot vortices are
compressed, and therefore look smaller. However, they now spin in the same
direction as leading spots, and this keeps them apart.
When reaching the equator at the end of their manifestation phase, the
solar fields will very rapidly demanifest, and the
solar vortices immediately begin manifesting with the opposite polarity. With
this, also all new sunspots change polarity. Because the solar vortices do not
change their spin directions, also sunspots remain with the same spin in each
hemisphere during subsequent cycles.
Other sunspot features are extensive but irregular areas of increased
luminosity surrounding the darker sunspot groups. These Faculae appear hours
before the first sunspots and remain up to weeks afterwards. An alternative
explanation for this effect may be the expulsion of particles of like polarity
from the field of a sunspot. HP sunspots will bind electrons and expel protons,
and vice versa for the LP sunspot.
According to the law of mass action this will lead to the increased
disintegration of hydrogen atoms into protons and electrons. The energy
requirement for this split lowers the temperature within the sunspot and causes
its darker appearance. The increased particle concentration surrounding sunspot
groups leads to an acceleration of hydrogen formation. This reaction releases
energy, which causes the raised temperature and increased luminosity of the
Faculae.
Gravitation
Vortex energy is postulated to be the main energy of the universe. In
the space between existing twin-vortices, daughter vortices of higher
space-densities are generated. This process takes place all the time at all
levels, and creates a continual supply of new pulsons
of all sizes and space-densities
The turbulence between two twin-vortices on which this process is based
represents a continual energy drain on a twin-pulson.
It has to replenish its energy by attracting micro-pulsons
from the outside. These will become neutralized by already bound unlike micro-pulsons, and their combined energy can then be transferred
to the energy pool of the twin-pulson.
Applied to the force of gravitation, this means that there is a
continual inflow of pulsons (tachyons) and micro-pulsons into matter. This creates a lower pulson concentration between two stellar objects, or
between an object and the surface of the planet, allowing the higher pulson pressure from the outside to push the objects closer
together or towards the surface of the planet.
According to still disputed measurements of Chinese scientists there is
a slight drop in the gravity level on earth during a total solar eclipse as the moon "shields" the gravitational pull
between earth and sun. This pulson model predicts that this effect is real, and shows
that the conventional theory of gravitation is wrong. If moon and sun are
side-by-side then the etheric flow towards these bodies is increased leading to
a higher gravitational pull as seen by higher tides. However, during a total
eclipse this flow is temporarily diminished due to the shielding by the moon,
and the concentration of etheric energy near earth increases. This has an
antigravity effect not only on gravimeters but also on pendulums as frequently
reported.
We can also more generally predict that an antigravity effect will
result from raising the etheric pulson
concentration between an object and the surface of the planet. This may be
possible with the help of suitably arranged electric charges or magnetic poles
on rotating disks.
The Pulson Theory sees the coming into
existence of the material universe as a condensation from an adjoining level of
lesser space-density, possibly more like the crystallization of an under-cooled
liquid rather than an explosion. It also allows for the continuing creation and
dissolution of galaxies and matter.
Atoms and Particles
The polarity distribution of a hydrogen atom and an anti-hydrogen atom
are shown in Fig. 7. Larger atoms with
several electron shells have several atomic fields superimposed on each other,
each additional shell on the adjacent level of decreasing space-density. With
each additional field the core LP field becomes more compressed and, with this,
more strongly polarized.
This allows the core to bind more protons, but it also increases the
pressure on the core LP fields of the bound neutrons. When the deformation of a
neutron at the nuclear center becomes too strong, part of its LP field is
expelled as an electron. This creates a surplus polarity in its HP shell and
makes it a proton.
Because the electron has the same polarity as the core of the atomic
field, it is forcefully ejected as beta radiation. At the atomic density level
it balances its polarity by binding and surrounding itself with an equivalent
part of the atomic HP field. Conversely, should a proton leave an atomic field,
it remains surrounded with part of the atomic LP core.
In this way proton and electron can readily reunite to form a hydrogen
atom. As electrons are basically polarized etheric fields, they may be imaged
as electron clouds. The neutrino is assumed to be a small non-materialized
twin-pulson at the level of the atomic field as
compared to a photon, which is at the density level of atomic particles.
Theoretical physicists have tried, so far unsuccessfully, to develop a
'Unified Field Theory' or 'Theory of Everything' that combines all four of the
known physical forces. The relationship between these forces can logically be
understood with this Pulson Theory. The nuclear or
strong force is mainly seen as the result of the binding force of the LP core
of an atomic field on the HP shells of the nucleons.
The weak force, on the other hand, which governs the leptons, derives
from the HP shell of the atomic field. The interrelationship of these forces
with the electromagnetic force and gravitation can be seen from the description
of these forces earlier in this theory.
It can be shown that the pressure deformation within the shell of a
primary body does not decline uniformly towards the periphery, but instead
forms concentric rings of higher and lower polarity. The polarities of these
rings decrease with increasing distance from the center. Rings with increased
polarity are the preferred orbits of satellites or of debris. They also
correspond to the varying quantum states of electrons in the case of atoms.
The particle effect of a photon is due to its electric fields during its
manifestation phase, while the wave effect stems from its oscillating vortices,
which create wave-like disturbances in the quantum field. Photons may move
through space like a jet: sucking in micro-pulsons at
the front opening of the leading vortex and pushing them out at the back end of
the following vortex. The higher the energy of a photon the faster are the
spins and oscillations of its vortices. The sinus wave of propagation may be
due to the spin reversal of the photon with each oscillation.
This would correspond to the idea of a pilot wave in the quantum theory
of David Bohm. In the two-slit interference
experiment it is possible that not only the waves created in the micro-pulson of the quantum field but also each of the two pulsons of a photon goes through a different slit.
The same principle applies to atomic particles. In addition to a
materialized body, these still have pulsons with
oscillating pole reversals which create the wave effect. Much of the confusion
in quantum theory may come from looking either at the ship or at the waves that
it has created but not at both together.
Furthermore, the 'ghostly' instantaneous communication between two
entangled photons observed in quantum experiments would be due to polarity
changes in the super-field in which both photons are embedded. The super-field
always aims to maintain an overall balanced or neutral position. If one
particle or photon changes a quantum state, then it causes another one to
acquire the opposite state.
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND MYSTERIES
Here I like to comment on a few recent developments and remaining
mysteries.
The cartwheel-like rotation of
galaxies is commonly assumed to be due to missing or dark matter. Only
about 10% of the required matter has yet been found. However, according to the Pulson Theory this rigid rotation is due to the rotation of
the galactic super-field initiated by the galactic twin-vortices.
”Dark matter” discovered due
to lensing may be assumed to be etheric matter.
Observations show that orbiting satellites have been dragged along by the field
of the Earth. Conventionally this is seen as a confirmation of Relativity
Theory but according to the Pulson Theory it would be
due to the spinning etheric twin-vortices of the planet. Relativity Theory only
is in conflict with a rigid ether, not with a “fluid” ether as proposed in this
Pulson Theory. Etheric fields can exist without the
presence of embedded matter.
Black holes are believed to be due to gravitational collapse of a large body. The
observed reason for this belief is the high speed with which matter and stars
circle a black hole, and, of course, that they emit no light. However,
according to the Pulson Theory black holes may be
very strong centripetal etheric vortices. We may imagine a gigantic cosmic
cyclone at the center of out galaxy that drags all matter along in an inward
moving spiral. Smaller black holes are like cosmic tornados.
According to the Pulson Theory the universe
and each galaxy consists of equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Stars and solar systems in the galactic
shell may have antimatter in their core. Matter-antimatter distribution is
reversed in the galactic core. A large antimatter cloud discovered near the
galactic center is in agreement with this prediction.
Such clouds would be ejected from galactic super-vortices. Gamma rays resulting from
mater-antimatter reactions have also been detected from across the center of
our galaxy. The numerous unidentified gamma ray sources within our galaxy may
indicate areas of matter-antimatter interaction possibly due to earliest star
formation.
According to currently accepted theory all the energy in the sun is
produced by nuclear fusion. However, not enough neutrinos can be detected to support this theory. This may indicate
a different or additional source of energy production in the sun based on
matter-antimatter reactions in the middle-field.
Recent observations show that the expansion
of the universe is accelerating. Therefore most of the energy in the
universe is assumed to be dark energy with anti-gravity properties. This could
be an indication of an inflow of a higher-dimensional energy into the physical
universe that counteracts gravity.
However, there is another possibility. Halton
Arp and others have found high-redshift quasars that
are physically connected to low-redshift galaxies.
This contradicts the standard explanation for the cause of astronomical redshift being always due to receding stellar objects; also
the quantized distribution of redshifts confirms
this.
An alternative explanation is that redshift is a function of
space-density and polarity. This means atoms in an etheric field of high
space-density and strong polarity show a high redshift.
Accordingly, the universe may not expand at all but be composed of regions with
different etheric space-density and strong polarities. That there is something
wrong with the standard model of astrophysics is now obvious from the pictures
of Hubble. No matter if objects are close-by or billions of light-years away,
they are always sharp as if there was no interaction between distant light and
matter.
Neutron stars are assumed to be the remnants of supernova
explosions, resulting from a gravitational collapse. However, this theory has
now been questioned because neutron stars can only be detected in about 10% of
supernovas. According to the Pulson Theory a
supernova results from an internal matter-antimatter explosion when the core
reacts with the shell. This may happen when for some reason the super-field of
the star departs prematurely. Commonly, however, the super-field de-manifests
very slowly during the aging process of a stellar body. This leads to a
controlled heat-producing reaction between core and shell, so that in the end
only a thin shell may remain with a more or less hollow interior.
Geometric Astronomical Patterns are increasingly being discovered, such as a red square in the Milky Way that has been described as an hour-glass shaped
cloud of gas and dust called a bipolar nebula, and the cross shape in the image
as two cone shapes placed tip to tip. This may be interpreted as the outlines
of a stellar twin-pulson. A similar configuration can
be seen in a red rectangle nebula, and
a hexagon
appeared on Saturn’s north pole. Similar geometric shapes are being formed when
rotating fluids are being vibrated. This suggests that also geometric
astronomical shapes may be due to this effect as the field within astronomical
vortices is being rotated and vibrated.
Normally the twin-pulsons of our planet
manifest and de-manifest by changing polarities, and this leads to periodic reversals of the magnetic poles while
maintaining the same spin direction. However both vortices may also completely
de-manifest, and re-manifest with opposite spin direction. This would lead
within a very short period to a reversal of the spin of the planet itself.
Recent findings show enhanced extinction
of existing species and appearance of new species every 62 to 65 million
years. The last time this happened about 65 million years ago. The reason for
this may be a major pulsation cycle of our solar system every 62-65 million
years The de-manifestation phase would lead to the extinction of many species,
and the new manifestation phase would promote the appearance of new species.
In a recent surprise discovery it was found that any chemicals dissolved in water draw
closer together and form clusters when the solution is further diluted. The
explanation is that water, as a polar medium, is able to bind pulson fields of a lower space-density. In pure water these
fields form short-lived clusters or domains of water molecules. In a
concentrated solution the polarity forces of these fields are fully compensated
and, therefore, have little impact on the movement of molecules or ions.
However, in strongly diluted solutions these fields have free polarities, which
attract dissolved particles.
A similar mechanism is also the basis for the 'memory of water' as shown by Benveniste
in 1988 (Nature). Benveniste found that a solution that
once contained antibodies or histamine still activated white blood cells. He
claimed that this was due to ghostly imprints in the water structure where the
antibodies had been. These imprints may be understood as pulson
fields of specific structure and space-density. More recently these experiments
have been confirmed by Madeleine Ennis (Inflammation Research, vol 53, p 181), who admits that she is unable to explain
the results.
The same principle is the basis of homeopathy.
Here the less dense fields of natural substances are separated from their
material counterparts. The more diluted the solution becomes, the stronger are
the polarity forces in these liberated fields and the stronger is their
potential healing effect. It may be noted that such effects seem to exist only
with natural substances and not with synthesized analogs.
The subjective time of a body
depends mainly on the oscillating frequency of its twin-pulson,
which in turn is influenced by energy changes in the micro-pulsons
that form its body. Objective time is determined by the oscillation frequencies
of the super-pulsons of the system, and by the spins
of their manifested bodies, which for us are those of our galaxy, sun and
planet.
We may speculate that during the phase of manifestation and
pre-materialization time (or subjective time) has the opposite direction than
during materialization and demanifestation.
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ENERGY
AND MATTER IN FIVE DIMENSIONS
ABSTRACT
, GLOSSARY
, DIAGRAMS